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The fight for the independence of Mexico ended with the signing of the Plan de Iguala on September 27th, 1821. This was an accord entered between Agustín de Iturbide, commander of the royalist army and Vicente Guerrero, chief of the insurgent forces.
In March 1923, Iturbide abdicated the throne and left for Europe, leaving the government in the hands of an Executive Committee that opted for a republican regime. The provinces from Central America that had joined the Empire opted to become independent. As a result, in 1824 it was promulgated the Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States giving birth to a republican federal government. Congress called for the first elections for the independent Mexico and the winners were Guadalupe Victoria as President and Nicolás Bravo as Vice President (1824-1829). The Administration of Guadalupe Victoria negotiated the surrender of the Spanish troops at the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa. The next elections brought the conservative general Manuel Gómez Pedraza, his adversary, General Vicente Guerrero who took on arms and came into office, repudiated the results. In 1827, the new law, “Ley General de Expulsión” instructed the exit from Mexico of all foreigners living in the country. One year later, it became known that a new Spanish Expedition was leaving La Habana harbor, Cuba with the objective of attacking Mexico, the members of this force were the Spaniards that were driven off Mexico before and wanted to return. To reach their objective, the exiled Spaniards convinced Spanish Brigadier Isidro Barradas that Mexico wanted to become part of Spain again. Barradas started his expedition with a fleet of 40 ships, nearly 3,500 men and supplies. His objective was to cancel the Independence of Mexico and reestablish the sovereignty of Fernando VII recuperating the New Spain for his king. This was the first foreign intervention in Mexico.
The conflict started on July 26th, 1829 when the Spanish fleet disembarked at Cabo Rojo, Veracruz, south of the Pánuco River. On the evening of August 6th, Barradas entered Tampico after setting fire to the fortified entrenchment of “Fortín de la Barra” located on the southern margin of the Pánuco River and its defender, commander Mariano Palacios fled to Altamira along with the civil population of Tampico. Barradas set his headquarters in Tampico’s downtown in a house located on the Juárez and Madero streets. To meet this invasion, President Vicente Guerrero ordered generals Antonio López de Santa Anna and Mier y Terán to move from Veracruz and Matamoros to Tampico where would be joined by General Felipe De la Garza, military commander of Tamaulipas. The Mexican troops put siege to Barradas, being this one trapped between Paso del Humo and Ranchería Doña Cecilia (Cd. Madero). On September 10th, Mier y Terán attacked with 900 men the “Fortín de la Barra” that was defended by 400 Spaniards that surrendered next day and signed an armistice. This document was ratified on September 11th and signed by the Mexicans, Antonio López de Santa Anna and Manuel Mier y Terán at the Spanish headquarters in Tampico. .
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The House of Castilla
The Breakwaters and the Channel for Navigation
History of the
Indpendence Movement in Nuevo Santander
Tampico, victim of Pirates, Bucaneers, and Privateers
León Trotsky in Tampico
New Street Names
Tampico Wakeboard City
Tajín Summit |
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